Vladimir Propp's 31 Functions

 

I. Member of family absents self from home:

II. Interdiction announced:

III. Interdiction violated:

IV. Villain tries to meet:

V. Villain receives information:

VI. Villain attempts trickery:

VII. Victim deceived:

VIII. Villain harms family: A

VIIIa. Member of family lacks or desires: a

IX. Hero approached about lack: B

X. Seeker decides on counteraction: C

XI. Hero leaves home:

XII. Hero tested: prepares for magical agent: D

XIII. Hero responds to test of donor: E

XIV. Hero gets magical agent: F

XV. Hero transferred to object of search: G

XVI. Hero and villain in direct combat: H

XVII. Hero branded: J

XVIII. Villain defeated: I

XIX. Initial lack liquidated: K

XX. Hero returns:

XXI. Hero pursued: Pr

XXII. Rescue of hero from pursuit: Rs

XXIII. Unrecognized, hero arrives home or other country: o

XXIV. False hero: L

XXV. Difficult task: M

XXVI. Task resolved: N

XXVII. Hero recognized: Q

XXVIII. False hero exposed: Ex

XXIX. Hero given new appearance: T

XXX. villain punished: U

XXXI. Hero marries and ascends throne: W

Back to CC 303 Homepage